History

August Reinisch, ‘The Austrian Branch’, in: Catherine Kessedjian, Olivier Descamps und Teodolinda Fabrizi (eds.), Au service du droit international/To the Benefit of International Law. Les 150 ans de l’Association de droit international/150 Years of the International Law Association, pp. 285-294 (Paris, Édition Panthéon-Assas 2023).

I. The Founding Years: From Hosting the ILA Conference in 1926 to the Branch’s Dissolution after the Anschluss in 1938

The original statute of the Austrian branch stems from 1924, the registration in the records office of associations dates from 23 January 1925. It also reveals the dramatis personae of the establishment of the association.

Its first president was Dr. Gustav Walker (1868-1944),1 a professor of civil law and civil procedure law at the University of Vienna who also was President of the Court of Compensation or Clearing Office, set up by Article 248 of the Treaty of St. Germain,2 the peace treaty between Austria and the Allied Powers of World War I, two functions that were expressly mentioned in the 34th ILA Report.3 He subsequently presided over the 1926 ILA Conference in Vienna. His particular interest in international civil procedure probably dated back to his ‘habilitation’ on controversial issues in international civil procedure.4

Vice-Presidents of the newly established Austrian branch were Dr. Emil von Hofmannsthal (1884-1971),5 a practicing lawyer in Vienna who had corresponded with the authorities when registering the Verein,6 and Dr. Alfred von Bloch, a retired President of the Austrian Supreme Court. Von Hofmannsthal, who was forced to flee Nazi prosecution in 1938, emigrated to Argentina and subsequently to the US where he taught at universities.7 Since 1996, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem has a chair in his and his wife’s name.8

The Executive Committee was further constituted by Dr. Paul Abel (1874-1971),9 the then Vice-President of the Chambers of Lawyers, and Dr. Ludwig Hamburger (1853-1940),10 Vice-President of the Society of Arbitration.

The original statutes of the Austrian branch provided that the Association should “support the ILA in its activities relating to Austrian law and connect the Austrian members in order to enable them to participate in the work of the ILA.”11 In particular, this latter purpose has remained a core function of branch associations empowered to nominate their members to the various international ILA committees. 

The list of members of the original Austrian ILA reveals that most of them were practicing lawyers from Vienna. In addition, a number of law professors joined the branch, most of them from the field of civil and procedural law. The 1924 membership list only shows the name of one person who later became known in the international law field: Dr. Joseph L. Kunz (1890-1970)12 who was a disciple of Hans Kelsen (1881-1973) and who taught public international law at the University of Vienna as a “Privatdozent”, i.e. as a teacher without full employment, before his early emigration to the United States in 1932 where he be became professor at the University of Toledo/Ohio.

Already by 1926, the year when the ILA Conference took place in Vienna, this had changed with a number of international lawyers joining the association, among them, Rudolf Blühdorn (1887-1967),13 who after World War II became a legal adviser to the foreign affairs section of the Austrian federal chancellery and who in the 1920s headed the legal service of the Clearing Office pursuant to Article 248 of the Treaty of St. Germain.14 To this field he later also contributed in his legal writings.15 Also Alexander Hold-Ferneck (1875-1955),16 professor of public international law at the University of Vienna since 1922 and ideological opponent of Hans Kelsen at the faculty had joined. The membership list also reveals its increased diversification. It included a number of foreign diplomats posted in Vienna at the time, and even institutions, such as the Austrian Association for the League of Nations,17 incidentally headquartered at the address of Joseph Kunz, or commercial and financial associations which may have been co-opted to sponsor the 1926 conference.18 But it also included names like that of Arthur Seyss-Inquart (1892-1946),19 who was a practicing lawyer at the time, but later, in March 1938, became short-time Austrian chancellor enabling the “Anschluss” Austria’s to Hitler Germany and was to become a prominent cabinet member of the German Reich and governor of the occupied Netherlands ending as one of the main accused at the Nuremberg trials and eventually sentenced to death by hanging.20

After the Anschluss, the Austrian branch of the ILA was liquidated. As with many other politically inopportune associations, the Austrian Branch of ILA was dissolved by the authorities in February 1939 pursuant to the ‘Law relating to the transition and incorporation of clubs, organizations and associations’ from 1938, which provided that ‘the decision to dissolve does not require any further justification and is incontestable’.21 

The ILA’s 34th Conference in Vienna was at the centre of the newly established Austrian branch. It took place from to 5 to 11 August 1926 with a solemn inauguration meeting held at the Imperial Palace on 5 August 1926, attended not only by the top ILA officers, but also by high ranking Austrian politicians, including the federal chancellor and the mayor of Vienna.22 The working sessions moved to the Austrian Chamber of Commerce and such diverse topics as maritime neutrality, a Statute of an International Penal Court, minority rights, diplomatic law, immunities, aerial law, the protection of private property, unfair commerce, CIF contracts and commercial arbitration were discussed over the rest of the week. The Committee on Rate of Exchange, established by the so-called Maritime and Commercial Section of the ILA, submitted a report23 which led to the adoption of the ‘Vienna Rules, 1926’ on currency debts in commercial contracts.24

In addition to the work products of the conference, resolutions, draft conventions and other suggestions,25 the importance of human interaction for mutual understanding was stressed by Lord Phillimore with words that seem to strike a particular chord in times of Covid19 restrictions.26 It appears that with a lavish social programme surrounding the conference culminating in ‘[t]he most brilliant function [a reception] by the Vice-Chancellor and Minister of Justice, Dr. Ludwig Waber in the Castle of Schonbrunn, which was opened for the first time since the War’,27 i.e. World War I, these aims seem to have been fulfilled as well. 

II. From the Re-establishment of the Branch after World War II to its Present Structure

After World War II, the Austrian ILA was re-established as an (association) according to Austrian law in 1947.28 However, the Austrian Branch was already listed again as a Branch of the ILA in the 1946 ILA Conference Report.29 The president of the newly re-established Branch was Markus Leitmaier (1880-1972), legal adviser to the Austrian foreign ministry.30 Heinrich Klang (1875-1954),31 a law professor and prominent editor of one of the best known commentaries to the Austrian Civil Law Code32 who survived the Holocaust in the Ghetto Theresienstadt and joined the Austrian Supreme Court after 1945, being instrumental in shaping Austria’s Restitution legislation and jurisprudence after 1947,33 and Emerich Hunna (1889-1964),34 prominent Viennese lawyer and president of the bar association, served as Vice-Presidents. A further member of the Executive Committee was Alfred Verdross-Drossberg (1890-1980)35 professor of international law at the University of Vienna, later judge at the European Court of Human Rights and member both of the ILC and the IDI.  

The ILA’s branch list shows some changes in the Austrian branch’s board in 1956.36 The presidency was taken over by Hans Schima (1894-1979), a professor of civil procedure law and at the time the rector of the University of Vienna.37 Alfred Verdross joined Emerich Hunna as Vice-President. In 1964,38 another ‘proceduralist’ of the University of Vienna is listed as the Austrian branch’s president, Winfried Kralik (1921-2000).39 Wilhelm Kaan (1896-1979), then President of Vienna’s Chambers of Lawyers,40 was vice-president and the branch’s council was enlarged by Rudolf Kirchschläger (1915-2000), a trained judge who had been a legal adviser to the foreign ministry and would eventually become foreign minister and Austria’s Federal President.41 Also Oskar Weiss-Tessbach, subsequently the branch’s long term secretary, had become its treasurer at the time. 

In 1968, Karl Zemanek, professor of public international law at the University of Vienna became president of the Austrian ILA branch and the Council was enlarged by Herbert Miehsler (1934-1986), another professor of public international law at the Universities of Graz and Salzburg,42 and Erik Nettel (1928-2007), the foreign ministry’s legal adviser.43

Since the late 1960s, the ILA has traditionally been led by a public international law professor as president and a practicing lawyer as secretary of the association. Its executive committee has been formed mostly by academics from the public international law field, recently with an attempt to reflect its membership being more diverse in a gender and regional sense. Thus, most law faculties of the country are ‘represented’ there.

Long term presidents of the Austrian branch have been Karl Zemanek, followed by Gerhard Hafner and August Reinisch, both professors of international law at the University of Vienna, secretaries of the association were Oskar Weiss-Tessbach, Christian Gassauer-Fleissner, Richard Regner, and Nikolaus Pitkowitz, all practicing attorneys in Vienna.

Since the 1970s, the Austrian branch holds its annual meetings at the occasion of the Austrian International Lawyer’s meeting organized by international law departments of the Austrian universities. It is a medium-sized branch with an average number of around 50 members, most of whom are affiliated with universities and predominantly have a public international law background. Compared to the founding years the number of practicing lawyers has decreased. The Austrian branch has been successful in involving its members in the work of the ILA. Over the decades, Austrian members have been active in numerous ILA committees and study groups.

III. The contribution of the Austrian Branch Members to the work of the ILA

While it is impossible to give an exhaustive account of the substantive contributions of various Austrian Branch members and thus the entire Branch to the work of the ILA, a brief sketch of the roles that Branch members played in various committees and study groups may prove to be illustrative.

A number of Austrian Branch members had joined ILA Committees mostly in the private international law area in the founding years of the Austrian branch. After the branch’s re-establishment in 1947, its members have become more active and also frequently served as officers of ILA Committees.

For instance, Hugo J. Hahn chaired the long-living ‘International Monetary Law Committee’ from 1972-1975 as Austrian Branch member (and even subsequently from 1976 to 1994 as a member of the German branch).44 In his capacity as committee chair a draft resolution endorsing value clauses in international monetary law was adopted by the committee.45 Karl Zemanek served as chair of the ‘Committee on Land locked States’ from 1975 to 1981, which provided two interim reports and a final report in 1980 concerning the right of land-locked states to equitably participate in the exploitation of marine living resources in exclusive economic zones of adjacent coastal states.46 He also chaired the Committee for the Formation of Rules of Customary (General) International Law  from 1986 to 1992. Gerhard Hafner chaired the Committee on Aspects of the Law of State Succession from 1992 to 2008, the work of this Committee focussed on state succession into treaties until its report in 200247 and subsequently examined the economic aspects of state succession concluding its work with a final report on this topic in 2008.48 Gerhard Loibl was chair of the ‘Water Resources Law Committee’ from 2002 to 2004. Under his chairmanship the committee provided a comprehensive collection of customary international law on water resources law with the Berlin Rules in 2004.49 Christoph Schreuer chaired the Committee on International Law on Foreign Investment from 2004 to 2008. The committee conducted a ‘road map’ exercise on the topic of investment law, dealing with it both on a substantive and procedural level.50 In addition, the committee produced the The Oxford Handbook of International Investment Law.51 August Reinisch has been chairing the Committee on The Rule of Law and International Investment Law from 2015 to the present. It has been tasked ‘to study rule-of-law implications of international investment law for both substantive and procedural matters.’52

Austrian Branch members have also been active in chairing study groups. For instance, Michael Waibel chaired the Study Group on Sovereign Insolvency in 2018 after having served as its co-rapporteur.53

Similarly, members of Austrian Branch served as rapporteurs on a number of ILA committees and study groups. For instance, Hans Schima was rapporteur for the Insolvency committee from 1956 to 1958,54 Ignaz Seidl Hohenveldern (1918-2001)55 was rapporteur of the committee on Nationalization and Foreign Property from 1958 to 1962. As a rapporteur Seidl-Hohenveldern contributed to the Draft Statutes of the Arbitral Tribunal for Foreign Investment, which were endorsed by the committee with resolution in 1960.56 August Reinisch was co-rapporteur of the Study Group on Soft Law Instruments in Investment Law from 2008 to 2014,57 Irmgard Marboe was co-rapporteur of the Study Group on Islamic Law and International Law from 2014 to 2018. The committee’s final report from 2018 provides a broad overview of aspects of Islamic law, such as its origin and relationship with state made law;58 Christina Binder served as Co-Rapporteur of the Committee on Feminism and International Law from 2016 to 2018 and in this capacity addressed in the committee’s report from 2016 women in power and decision making and the notion of gender responsive budgeting.59

IV. Conclusion

The Austrian Branch of the ILA, founded almost 100 years ago, has transformed from a very small circle of the international law establishment, constituted mainly by law professors and well-known attorneys, into a much younger and diverse group of persons interested in international law. Today, also many academics in their early careers and professionals working in international organizations and NGOs have joined the Austrian Branch which enables them to participate in the wide-ranging field of work performed by the ILA’s international committees and study groups. 

References:

  1. See also Thomas Olechowski, ‘Walker, Gustav,’ in: Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Band 15, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 1957–2013, 455; Heinrich Klang, ‘Gustav Walker’, 68/13 Juristische Blätter (JBl) (1946), 275; Christian Neschwara, ‘Die Mitglieder des Verfassungsgerichtshofs 1919–1934’, in Kurt Heller (ed.), Der Verfassungsgerichtshof. Die Entwicklung der Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit in Österreich von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart (Verlag Österreich, Vienna 2010) 601 et seq ↩︎
  2. Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Austria, Treaty of St. Germaine-en-Laye, signed 10 September 1919, entered into force 16 July 1920, Austrian StGBl. Nr. 303/1920 ↩︎
  3. ‘Austrian Branch Association Bureau – National Committee of Austria’ (1926) 34 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf lv. ↩︎
  4. Walker, Streitfragen aus dem internationalen Zivilprozeßrecht (1898). ↩︎
  5. Barbara Sauer/Ilse Reiter-Zatloukal, Advokaten 1938: Das Schicksal der in den Jahren 1938 bis 1945 verfolgten österreichischen Rechtsanwältinnen und Rechtsanwälte (Wien: Manz 2010) 183. ↩︎
  6. Correspondence between Dr. Emil von Hofmannsthal and the authorities as recorded in the Wiener Stadt- und Landesarchiv. ↩︎
  7. ‘Emilio Von Hofmannsthal, International Lawyer, 86’, New York Times, 14 November 1971, p. 82. ↩︎
  8. The chair is currently called ‘Maria von Hofmannsthal chair in international law in memory of Emilio von Hofmannsthal’. See <https://rector.huji.ac.il/sites/default/files/rector/files/rshymt_hmkhnym_-_bqtdrvt_vdvknym.pdf>. ↩︎
  9. Fritz Schönherr, ‘Dr. Paul Abel zum Gedenken’, 20 Österreichische Blätter für Gewerblichen Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht (1971) 61. ↩︎
  10. Barbara Sauer/Ilse Reiter-Zatloukal, Advokaten 1938: Das Schicksal der in den Jahren 1938 bis 1945 verfolgten österreichischen Rechtsanwältinnen und Rechtsanwälte (Wien: Manz 2010) 171. ↩︎
  11. Statute of the Austrian ILA 1924 („die ILA in ihrer Tätigkeit auf österreichischen Rechtsgebieten zu unterstützen und deren österreichischen Mitglieder zwecks gemeinsamer Teilnahme an dessen Arbeiten zusammenzufassen.“). ↩︎
  12. ‘Branches of the Association’ (1924) 33 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf (‘Kunz, Dr. Joseph L., Elisabethstrasse 9, Vienna 1.’). See also Herbert W. Briggs, ‘Josef L. Kunz, 1890−1970’, 65 American Journal of International Law (1971) 129; Friedrich Stadler: Vertriebene Vernunft. Emigration und Exil österreichischer Wissenschaft 1930−1940. Lit-Verlag, Münster 2004, 289; Jörg Kemmerhofer: Josef Laurenz Kunz. In: Robert Walter / Alfred Schramm: Der Kreis um Hans Kelsen. Die Anfangsjahre der Reinen Rechtslehre, Wien: Manz 2008 (Schriftenreihe des Hans-Kelsen-Instituts; 30), 243–259. ↩︎
  13. ‘Branches of the Association’ (1926) 34 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf ixix, ixxx (‘Blühdorn, Hofrat Dr. Rudolf, Abrechnungsamt, Stubenring 8, Wien I.’). See also R. Agstner/G. Enderle-Burcel/M. Follner, Österreichs Spitzendiplomaten zwischen Kaiser und Kreisky. Biographisches Handbuch der Diplomaten des Höheren Auswärtigen Dienstes 1918-1959 (2009) 138. ↩︎
  14. Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Austria, Treaty of St. Germaine-en-Laye, signed 10 September 1919, entered into force 16 July 1920, Austrian StGBl. Nr. 303/1920. ↩︎
  15. See also Rudolf Blühdorn, ‘Le fonctionnement et la jurisprudence des Tribunaux Arbitraux Mixtes créés par les traités de Paris’ (1932) 41 Recueil des Cours 141. ↩︎
  16. ‘Branches of the Association’ (1926) 34 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf ixix, cxvii (‘Hold-Ferneck, Dr. Alexander, Professor a.d. Universität Wien, Ministerialrat a.d., Marokkanerg 12, Wien III.’); Alfred Verdroß-Droßberg, ‘Alexander Hold-Ferneck’ in Almanach der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 105, 1955. ↩︎
  17. ‘Branches of the Association’ (1926) 34 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf ixix, cli (‘Oesterreichische Völkerbundliga, Elisabethstrasse 9, I, Austria.’). ↩︎
  18. ‘Branches of the Association’ (1926) 34 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf ixix, cli (‘Niederösterr. Gewerbeverein, Eschenbachg. 11, Wien 1, Austria ; Oesterreichischer Aktionarverein, Schwarzenbergplatz 13, Wien I, Austria.’). ↩︎
  19. ‘Branches of the Association’ (1926) 34 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf ixix, clxvii (‘Seyss-Inquart, Dr. Arthur, Rechtsanwalt, Am Hof Nr. 5, Wien I, Austria.’); Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, ‘Seyss-Inquart, Arthur (1892-1946), Politiker’ in Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon (2003-2020), online edition ↩︎
  20. France and others v. Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Judgment and Sentence [1946] 22 IMT 574. ↩︎
  21. Section three of the Gesetz vom 17. Mai 1938 über die Überleitung und Eingliederung von Vereinen, Organisationen und Verbänden (GBl. Nr. 1936 136/1938) ↩︎
  22. (1926) 34 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf ix (‘After the President’s inaugural address, addresses of welcome were delivered by Bundskanzler (sic) Ramek, Dr. Emil von Hoffmannsthal, Burgermeister Seitz, Landeshauptmann Dr. Buresch, Professor Count Gleisspach, Hofruth (sic) Ganzahohe, and Dr. Paul Abel.’ Followed by an address of the ILA’s vice president Lord Phillimore). ↩︎
  23. ‘Rate of Exchange’ (1926) 34 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf 543. ↩︎
  24. (1926) 34 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf 718. ↩︎
  25. (1926) 34 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf 20 (Lord Phillimore: ‘We know that these Conferences have no power; these Congresses enact nothing; they make no laws; they impose no rules; they make suggestions, resolutions, and what diplomats call voeux. It is not so much conclusions that they come to, though they are valuable, and though they have become the seed of international legislation more than once, and though, as I have said, I think they have helped to bring on that great institution, the League of Nations, and that other great institution, the Permanent Court of International Justice.’) ↩︎
  26. (1926) 34 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf xiv (‘As Lord Phillimore pointed out, it is not so much the creation of laws or rules which matters. “It is the sight of each other’s faces; it is the hearing of each other’s voices; it is the touch of the hand between us that really brings about that understanding.”’). ↩︎
  27. (1926) 34 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf xv. ↩︎
  28. 10 June 1947. ↩︎
  29. ‘Branches of the Association’ (1946) 41 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf xxviii, xxxi. ↩︎
  30. Austrian diplomat and head of the Austrian Foreign service’s international law section already in 1921. He was removed from his posts in 1938 forcibly retired in 1941 as a political ally of the Dollfuss/Schuschnigg regime and member of the Austrian association for the League of Nations. See R. Agstner/G. Enderle-Burcel/M. Follner, Österreichs Spitzendiplomaten zwischen Kaiser und Kreisky. Biographisches Handbuch der Diplomaten des Höheren Auswärtigen Dienstes 1918-1959 (2009) 299. ↩︎
  31. Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, ‘Klang, Heinrich Adalbert (1875-1954), Rechtswissenschaftler’ in Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon (2003-2020), online edition. ↩︎
  32. Heinrich Klang, Kommentar zum Allgemeinen Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch (1935). ↩︎
  33. Günter Gößler, Martin Niklas, ‘Heinrich Klang: Praxis und Theorie – Verfolgung und Rückkehr’ in Franz-Stefan Meissel, Thomas Olechowski, Ilse Reiter-Zatloukal, Stefan Schima (eds.), Vertriebenes Recht – Vertreibendes Recht. Zur Geschichte der Wiener Rechts- und Staatswissenschaftlichen Fakultät zwischen 1938 und 1945 (Vienna 2012) 281-300. ↩︎
  34. ‘Präsident Dr. Hunna – ein Sechziger’, Wiener Zeitung, 18 June 1949, p. 4, available at <https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?aid=wrz&datum=19490618&seite=4&zoom=33>; see also <http://www.hf-kirchberg.at/index.php/kirchberg-am-wagram/persoenlichkeiten-familien-kbg/dr-emerich-hunna>. ↩︎
  35. Bruno Simma, ‘Verdross, Alfred’ in Neue Deutsche Biographie 26 (2016) 757; Heribert Franz Köck, ‘Leben und Werk des österreichischen Rechtsgelehrten Alfred Verdross’ 42 ZöR (1991) 31, Jürgen Busch, Irmgard Marboe, Gerhard Luf, ‘Alfred Verdross – Ein Mann des Widerspruchs?’ in Franz-Stefan Meissel, Thomas Olechowski, Ilse Reiter-Zatloukal, Stefan Schima (eds.), Vertriebenes Recht – Vertreibendes Recht. Zur Geschichte der Wiener Rechts- und Staatswissenschaftlichen Fakultät zwischen 1938 und 1945 (Vienna 2012) 139-202. ↩︎
  36. ‘Branches of the Association’ (1956) 47 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf xxxvi, xxxvii. ↩︎
  37.  Herbert Posch (ed.), ‘Hans Schima’ (2019) in Gedenkbuch für die Opfer des Nationalsozialismus an der Universität Wien 1938 <https://gedenkbuch.univie.ac.at/?id=index.php?id=435&no_cache=1&person_single_id=33785>; Andreas Huber, Rückkehr erwünscht: Im Nationalsozialismus aus „politischen“ Gründen vertriebene Lehrende der Universität Wien  (Vienna 2016) 24; H. Walter Fasching and Winfried Kralik (eds.), Festschrift für Hans Schima. Zum 75. Geburtstag (Vienna 1969). ↩︎
  38. ‘Branches of the Association’ (1964) 51 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf lxxvii, lxxix. ↩︎
  39. Universität Wien, ‘Winfried Kralik, Prof. Dr.’ in Vienna University Library and the Vienna University Archive in cooperation with the Forum “Zeitgeschichte der Universität Wien (ed.), 650 plus – Geschichte der Universität Wien (2017); Walter Rechberger and Rudolf Welser (eds.), Verfahrensrecht – Privatrecht. Festschrift für Winfried Kralik zum 65. Geburtstag (Vienna 1986). ↩︎
  40. Wiener Rechtsanwaltskammer: Geschichte der Kammer https://www.rakwien.at/?seite=kammer&bereich=geschichte. ↩︎
  41. Republik Österreich. Parlamentsdirektion (2000) Dr. Rudolf Kirchschläger https://www.parlament.gv.at/WWER/PAD_13960/. ↩︎
  42. Wolfram Karl (ed.), In memoriam Herbert Miehsler (1998). ↩︎
  43. Außenministerium der Republik Österreich, Aussendung zum Ableben von Dr. Erik Nettel (2007) https://www.bmeia.gv.at/das-ministerium/presse/aussendungen/2007/aussenministerium-zum-ableben-von-botschafter-ir-dr-erik-nettel/. ↩︎
  44. As Austrian branch member: ‘International Committees’ (1972) 55 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf c, ci; ‘International Committees’ (1974-1975) 56 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf lxvii, lxviii. Subsequently as German branch member: ‚International Committees‘ (1976) 57 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf ci, cii. ↩︎
  45. ‘International Monetary Law, Part II: Report’ (1974-1975) 56. Int’l L Ass’n Rep. Conf. 64, 78. ↩︎
  46. ‘Land-locked States, Part II: Report’ (1980) 59 Int’l L Ass’n Rep. Conf. 312. ↩︎
  47. ‘Part II: Aspects of the Law of State Succession’ (2002) 59 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf 597. ↩︎
  48. ‘Part II: Aspects of the Law of State Succession’ (2006) 72 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf 301. ↩︎
  49. ‘Part II: Water Resources Law’ (2004) 71 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf 334. ↩︎
  50. ‘International Law on Foreign Investment’ (2008) 73 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf 752. ↩︎
  51. Peter Muchlinski, Federico Ortino and Christoph Schreuer (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of International Investment Law (Oxford 2008) ↩︎
  52. ‘Rule of Law and International Investment Law’ (2018) 78 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf 380. ↩︎
  53.  ‘International Committees’ (2016) 74 Int’l L Ass’n Rep. Conf. 89; ‘International Committees’ (2018) 78 Int’l L Ass’n Rep. Conf. 93. ↩︎
  54. ‘International Insolvency’ (1956) 47 Int’l L Ass’n Rep. Conf. 434. ↩︎
  55. Gerhard Hafner, ‘Seidl-Hohenveldern, Ignaz Christian’ (2010) in 24 Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB) 183ff. ↩︎
  56.  ‘Juridical Aspects of Nationalization and Foreign Property: Report’ (1960) 49 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf 175ff. ↩︎
  57. ‘Role of Soft-Law Instruments in International Investment Law’ (2010) 74 Int’l L Ass’n Rep. Conf. 961; ‘Study Group on the Role of Soft-Law Instruments in International Investment Law’ (2014) 76 Int’l L Ass’n Rep. Conf. 986. ↩︎
  58. ‘Islamic Law and International Law Part II: Committees’ (2018) 78 Int’l L. Ass’n Rep. Conf. 1038. ↩︎
  59.  ‘Feminism and International Law Part II: Committees’ (2016) 77 Int’l L Ass’n Rep Conf 897ff. ↩︎